Dr. Jordan Sudberg Breaks Down the Differences Between Cluster, Tension, and Migraine Headaches

Headaches are among the most common health complaints worldwide, but not all headaches are created equal. For anyone who suffers from frequent head pain, it’s essential to understand what type of headache you’re experiencing—because accurate diagnosis is the first step toward effective treatment. According to Dr. Jordan Sudberg, a leading pain management specialist, the three most common types of primary headaches—tension, migraine, and cluster—have very different characteristics, causes, and treatments.

“Many people lump all head pain together, but each headache type has a unique profile,” says Dr. Sudberg. “Properly identifying your headache can help you avoid ineffective treatments and find real relief.”

In this blog post, Dr. Sudberg explains how to tell these three headache types apart and what to do if you’re suffering from one—or more—of them.

Tension Headaches: The Common Culprit

What They Feel Like:

Tension headaches are the most common type of headache and are often described as a dull, aching pain or a feeling of tightness around the head—like a band being squeezed around the skull.

• Pain is typically mild to moderate 
• Felt on both sides of the head 
• No nausea or visual disturbances 
• Can last from 30 minutes to several hours 

Dr. Sudberg explains, “Tension headaches are often stress-related. They’re caused by muscle contractions in the head and neck due to poor posture, fatigue, or emotional tension.”

Common Triggers:

• Stress or anxiety 
• Eye strain from screens 
• Lack of sleep 
• Dehydration 
• Poor posture 

Treatment:

• Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen 
• Stress management techniques (yoga, meditation, therapy) 
• Regular exercise and hydration 
• Ergonomic workspace improvements 

“Tension headaches typically respond well to simple lifestyle changes,” says Dr. Sudberg. “But chronic cases may require professional evaluation.”

Migraine Headaches: Neurological and Debilitating

What They Feel Like:

Migraines are more severe and often come with neurological symptoms. They can significantly impact daily functioning and may last for hours or even days.

• Throbbing or pulsating pain, often on one side of the head 
• Sensitivity to light, sound, and smells 
• Nausea or vomiting 
• Visual disturbances or aura (in some cases) 
• Can last 4 to 72 hours 

“Migraines are not just bad headaches—they’re a neurological condition,” explains Dr. Sudberg. “They involve complex changes in the brain and nervous system.”

Common Triggers:

• Hormonal changes 
• Certain foods (aged cheese, chocolate, alcohol) 
• Sleep disturbances 
• Weather changes 
• Stress or sensory overload 

Treatment:

• Prescription medications (triptans, CGRP inhibitors) 
• Preventive treatments (beta-blockers, anti-seizure meds, Botox) 
• Avoiding known triggers 
• Biofeedback and cognitive behavioral therapy 

“Migraine treatment must be personalized,” says Dr. Sudberg. “What works for one person may not work for another, so tracking symptoms and triggers is crucial.”

Cluster Headaches: The Most Intense

What They Feel Like:

Cluster headaches are extremely painful and often called “suicide headaches” because of their severity. They occur in cyclical patterns or clusters, typically at the same time each day during a flare.

• Intense, stabbing or burning pain, usually around one eye 
• Red, teary eye and nasal congestion on the affected side 
• Pain lasts 15 to 180 minutes 
• Occurs in “clusters” over weeks or months, followed by remission 

“These headaches are less common but incredibly intense,” notes Dr. Sudberg. “Patients often describe the pain as worse than anything they’ve ever experienced.”

Common Triggers:

• Alcohol during a cluster period 
• High altitudes 
• Bright light or strong smells 
• Disrupted sleep cycles 

Treatment:

• Oxygen therapy (inhaled 100% oxygen at the onset) 
• Fast-acting triptans (injection or nasal spray) 
• Preventive medications (verapamil, lithium) 
• Nerve blocks or neuromodulation for chronic cases 

“Cluster headaches often require a more aggressive and targeted treatment plan,” says Dr. Sudberg. “Rapid diagnosis is key to managing them effectively.”

How to Know Which Headache You Have

Headache disorders are often misdiagnosed or mistreated. Dr. Jordan Sudberg recommends keeping a headache diary to track:

• Frequency, duration, and intensity 
• Associated symptoms (nausea, aura, eye watering, etc.) 
• Possible triggers 
• Response to medications 

“Tracking your headaches can help your doctor pinpoint the type and develop a more effective treatment plan,” he says.

Final Thoughts from Dr. Jordan Sudberg

Understanding the type of headache you’re experiencing is the first step toward relief. While tension headaches are usually manageable with lifestyle changes, migraines and cluster headaches may require more specialized intervention.

“Don’t just power through your pain,” urges Dr. Sudberg. “Seek professional help, especially if your headaches are frequent, severe, or affecting your quality of life. There are effective treatments available—you don’t have to suffer in silence.”

If you’re struggling with persistent or confusing headache symptoms, a consultation with a pain management specialist like Dr. Jordan Sudberg can provide clarity, treatment options, and the pathway to a pain-free future.